Comparison between website verification systems and their technique Essay

Comparison between website verification systems and their technique - Essay Example Keeping in view the growing requirement of making the website more effective, optimized and reachable to maximum internet users, the search engines have launched their verification systems so that the owners of the websites as well as other internet users can verify the contents of the site with the help of these systems. Google, Yahoo and Live search have provided the opportunity of the website contents verification through the implementation of their specialized website verification systems (Greg, 2008, p76). The research paper aims to present detailed understanding of the three major website verification systems implemented by major search engines. In this regard, the essay discusses the techniques, options and methods of website verification offered by these three systems separately. In order to explain the usefulness and setbacks of each of these verification systems practically, the essay also presents the results of the analysis of a website that has been tested using these three systems separately. The objective of these tests and presentation of their results is to identify the limitations and accuracy of each of these verification systems. The growing use of internet of wide range of business purposes insists the software and internet technology related companies to design different programs and systems that can meet the growing demands of the internet users and website developers in the technology driven market place of today. In response to this need, there is some specialized websites verification systems designed and implemented to provide more refined and sublime web developing facilities to the web developers (Greg, 2008, p76). These systems have been designed on the behalf of the most popular internet search engines. There are three important website verification systems that are implemented by Google, Live Search and Yahoo.

Enron Analysis Essay Example for Free

Enron Analysis Essay Think about the demand for the three popular game consoles: Xbox, PS3 and Wii. Explain the effect of the following event on the demand for Xbox games, and the quantity of Xbox games demanded, other things remaining the same. a) The price falls b) The price of a PS3 and a Wii fall c) The number of people writing and producing Xbox games increases d) Consumers income increase e) Programmers who write codes for Xbox games become more costly to hire f) The price of an Xbox game is expected to fall g) A new game console is developed and marketed that is a close substitute to Xbox ) Increases b) Decrease c) Increase d) Increase e) Decrease f) Decrease g) Decrease 2. Read Oswald, A (2001) â€Å"Economics that matters: Using the Tax System to Solve the Shortage of Human Organs† Kyklos Vol 54 (2-3), 379-81, available from the subject eLearning website and discuss his proposal for reducing deaths due to the shortage of organs for transplant. In your discussion, use terms such as supply, demand, quantity supplied, quantity demanded, and draw demand/supply diagrams to clarify your discussion. The supply of organs from organ donor’s does not meet the demand of organ’s. There is a huge shortage of donors, which poses a massive problem. In a perfect world, the quantity demanded would meet the quantity supplied and the market for organs would be in equilibrium, as in the following graph: Oswald suggests that a tax bracket/incentive could bring supply and demand closer together. As in the UK, the quantity of organs demanded is 6000 and the quantity supplied is only 3000. A tax incentive will be an economic cost, yet the benefits are great and may cancel out the extra cost to taxpayers.

Byzantine Influences on Islamic Architecture

Byzantine Influences on Islamic Architecture Introduction The current definition of globalization incorporates the significant idealism that one’s culture supersedes that of another, regardless of any potential beneficial amalgamation. Throughout history, the idea of conquer, and more directly, the annihilation of governmental bodies and social stratification has led to the exponential growth of social resources. It is therefore, through the inclusion these alternate, yet significant diversities that growth has been most efficiently affected. One significant assimilation was that of the Byzantine architecture into the future construction of Islamic magnates. While the disintegration of Byzantine society cannot be entirely accredited to the work of the Islamic forces, it is through constant attempts at occupation and tireless warfare, coupled with the foresight of Islamic leadership to reintegrate many of the highly effective design maxims into their architecture, that the structures that remain today occupy such religious indemnifica tion among followers. Truly, the Byzantine influence in not only early, but modern Islamic architecture has shaped not only the ceiling of religious piety, but the ideology of a charismatic and well-preserved religious force. Byzantine Architecture The Byzantine Empire itself may easily be defined as a cultural melting pot, or more definitively, the globalized integration of religious and cultural views, centralized around one spectacular city: Constantinople. It is through the re-integration of revitalized world views that throughout the rein of this Empire, substantial cultural and societal gains were enacted. These gains include the remarkable architectural advances which greatly influenced the future surrounding areas and reverent incorporation of byzantine architectural masterpieces into their framework. Not to be excluded, the Roman and Greek influences within Byzantine architecture engineered significant structures, so inspiring and well defined that they would become structural affecters even to this day. Most notably, the advances towards structural engineering as well as iconography would influence religious societies for many future generations. The definitive Byzantine structure may be characterized by a uniquely architectured high dome, including theological depictions ornately carved which often represented the religious icons of the era. The re-definition of the church foundation which occurred during this timeframe eliminated the reliance on a boxed structure with four walls and incorporated structurally definitive six to eight cornered buildings which would also serve to support the dome itself. Additionally, and especially integral to future Islamic interpretation, the use of Corinthinan capitals, or remaining Roman text carved into stone and placed within the structure of the building for aesthetic purposes, would determine future scriptural formations and lettering on the outside of mosques and buildings. While the Byzantine’s themselves were primarily Christian, and especially during the first ruler’s reign, persecuted non-christian residents, often to the death, the influence that their architecture, as well as their cultural devotion would have on future Islamic nations is highly visible in many of their structures. Timely in it’s historical prescedence, the life of Mohammed would drastically influence this empire, as Muslim forces gained strength and began to attack southern Byzantine territories. â€Å"Byzantine energies focused almost entirely to the east and to the south. The western countries, the Europe that Byzantium at one time looked to for their identity and history, began to steadily fade from their horizon.†[1] In spite of the Islamic forces, Byzantine architecture represents the preservation of Roman influence which continues to affect building design to this day. Islamic Interpretation The integration of Byzantine architecture into Islamic religious structures continues to affect modern building design in this region of the world. One of the similarities between the Byzantine (Christian Majority) and Islamic societies was the lack of iconographic interpretations. Both religions severely preached the elimination of religions depictions through idolatry or stone iconography. In this format, the singular representation of religious devotion would come form the incorporation of religious words and text that would line the walls or pillars in this mosque. Additionally, the minimization of exterior flourish would encourage entrance into the spiritual dwelling. The influence of this technique of exterior minimalization, while re-defined interior actualization would greatly affect modern construction. â€Å"The multitude of decorative treatments of surfaces in Islamic architecture, the use of almost every conceivable technique and the development of a rich repertory of de signs from geometric to abstract shapes to full-scale floral patterns, from minutely executed inscriptions in a full variety of calligraphic styles to the monumental single words that serve as both religious images and decoration is without parallel in the architecture of the non-Muslim world.†[2] Reverence beneath ornately decorated structures would encourage religious piety, and incorporate the devotion of the follower through his affectation from the surrounding architecture. Further notable incorporations of Byzantine architecture include the utilization of mosaic forms, the amalgamation of colorful tile or stone to represent an image with religious significance, the high dome structure supported by multiple pillars or bases, and an extensive palate pastel and complementary colors which would flood the interior of the structure itself. In spite of the mediated exterior flair, the re-introduction of color and style into the interior of the structures themselves can be much attributed to Byzantium influence. Utilizing marble and mosaic, coupled with centuries of preservation, the Mosque of Damascus was effectively created as a second Mecca, or identified within the Islamic religion as a powerful venue of absolute worship. The unique history of this structure incorporates the identification with the Byzantine ruling religion, as â€Å"after the Islamic conquest of Damascus in 661, during the reign of the first Umayyad caliph Muawiya Ibn Abi Sufyan, the Muslims shared the church with the Christians. The Muslims prayed in the eastern section of the ancient temple structure and the Christians in the western side.†[3] The Byzantines, a predominately Christian society, were willing to share this area of significance with the Islamic followers due to the highly divine identification which was incumbent within the location to both cultures. This diversification of venue, paired with the influence of Byzantine architects, led the caliph to construct a building which has endured calamity wh ile edifying the necessity of piety through the ornate calligraphical representations and integration of inspiring color and mosaic. Additionally, the multiple pillared structure, as well as many arches and octagonal foundation clearly represents significant influence from the Byzantine era to the Islamic interpretation. Articles from the Koran have been requisitioned to the support structures of the domed ceiling as devotees may kneel and raise their eyes to remember the sacred text above them. There is a distinct lack of man or animalistic influence, as the iconography is specifically relegated to the religious features non-idolatrated. Finally, the amazing mosaic which surrounds the entire building, coupled with the engraved marble offers direct insight into the influence of Byzantine predecessors. Example 2: Dome of the Rock Currently, one of the most important structures in Islamic religion, the Dome of the Rock, represents a venue of extreme importance and, venerated by the Muslims, it is where the prophet Muhammad ascended to heaven.†[4] This simple belief has served as an instrumental catapult for many different wars and battles which evolved around the structure and location of the site. Essentially, this is a monumental domed structure created by Abdul Malik ibn Marwan in approximately 685 AD. The Byzantine influence may be immediately recognized through the multiple arches, the pillars inscribed with Koranic text, and the mosaic colorization which highlights both the exterior and interior of this remarkable structure. Additionally, the layout featuring extensive foundation and lack of religious iconography represents the direct Roman influence on the Byzantine architects. In fact, this structure continues to be represented, not as an Islamic specific creation, but as a mimic to a most remark able work in Syria known as the Cathedral of Bosra, created during a time of Roman rule.[5] And, as previously identified, it was through Roman integration and inspiration that the transcendence of architecture framed the Byzantine empire. Conclusion Easily identified through didactic calligraphy, spectacular mosaic, and highly inspirational domed structures, the Islamic identification with Byzantine influence has offered society a unique example of cultural assimilation without full scale disintegration. Representatively, the Roman influence throughout the globe has offered some of the most remarkable architectural features, including dam and aqueduct construction, in addition to modern buildings and bridges. Through tri-cultural amalgamation, the Islamic Caliphs were able to integrate the most effective traits of this Byzantine interpretation and redirect those features into their own religious facilities. The bright colored, highly regimented structures remain today as a reminder of necessitated devotion for followers; they are the essential proponents of spiritual migration, and the constant belligerent behavior surrounding their maintenance offers unique perspective into a cultural clash regarding the choice of architectural foundation. The beauty and multi-cultural integration of these structures and architecture, however, is ultimately essential to preserve, as the historical implications of pre-capitalist globalization offers direct insight into the highly devout nature of mankind’s spiritual and cultural plight, the effect of which has far reaching determinations into the future. References http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.tcl?site_id=7161 http://historymedren.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?zi=1/XJ/Yasdn=historymedrencdn=educationtm=27gps=115_456_1436_699f=00tt=14bt=1bts=1zu=http%3A//www.wsu.edu%3A8080/%7Edee/MA/BYZ.HTM http://islamicart.com/main/architecture/intro.html http://www.sacredsites.com/middle_east/israel/jerusalem.html Kuban, Dogan. Moslem Religious Architecture: Development of Religious Architecture in Later Periods. New York, NY: Brill Academic Publishers, 1997. [1]http://historymedren.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?zi=1/XJ/Yasdn=historymedrencdn=educationtm=27gps=115_456_1436_699f=00tt=14bt=1bts=1zu=http://www.wsu.edu%3A8080/%7Edee/MA/BYZ.HTM [2] http://islamicart.com/main/architecture/intro.html [3] http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.tcl?site_id=7161 [4] http://www.sacredsites.com/middle_east/israel/jerusalem.html [5] Dogan Kuban, Moslem Religious Architecture, Brill Academic Publishers, 1997, p. 17

Hummingbirds :: Biology Animals Birds

Hummingbirds are stunning creatures, but their future can be bright only if they have plenty of flowers for food and trees for shelter. Unfortunately, human population grows too fast for the hummingbirds' habitats. Once a person knows more about these charming animals, they will find the forests a richer place to protect. Hummingbirds are the smallest and most brilliantly colored birds. Their aerial maneuvers fascinate all. Hummingbirds are promiscuous animals, and families generally consist of a single mother and two baby chicks. It all starts during mating season, when a male tries to attract a female. He may hover in front of her showing off his gorgeous wings, tail, beak and plumage. If she isn?t interested she just flies away. If he wins her affection, they will sleep together one night. In the morning they?ll fly away in separate directions and probably never meet again. Males obviously take no part in raising the young. Two white pea-sized eggs are generally laid, several days apart. The hummingbird mother works very hard to care for her young. The two chicks are born naked, blind, and smaller than bumblebees, but they grow quickly. By the time they are three to four days old, their eyes open, and the mother continues feeding them. The duration of nesting period is fourteen to thirty-one days depending on the food available and the strengths of the chicks and the mother. When they are ready for fledging, the chicks may be 4.5 grams while their exhausted mother is down to 2.5 grams after the feat of raising her young. After a month or so, the hummingbirds leave their nest and master flying quickly and easily. They are continued to be fed because they end up wasting a lot of time mistaking hats, signs, and other bright objects for flowers. The average life span of a hummer is probably three to five years. The record has been twelve years. There are about three-hundred and twenty different species, and the Bee Hummingbird is the smallest. 8 cm is not only half of the length of my pen, but also the length of the largest hummingbird, the Giant Hummingbird. The beak and tail tend to make up half of their small length. Most hummingbirds have ten tail feathers. These tails come in 2 a variety of shapes, and depending on the way the sunlight hits it, these tail feathers may flash red, gold, purple, or black.

Abuse of the First Amendment Essay

I can’t take on the world. However, a lot of the comments in websites and blog houses about Actor/Artist Lance Henriksen are very inappropriate and untrue. The majority of the comments attack Lance not only as a human being but also as an actor down to his choice of movies or film roles. Some comments attack his physical appearance. Well, let see how you look when you reach 66 years old. How can you attack a person that you do not know nor met? Things are said such as Lance took this role because he must have needed the money and that is all. So what, why does it matter why Lance took the movie or project? Is that your business or is that while writing your comments you were not creative enough to come up with anything else to write. Lance believes in the roles that he chooses; however, for the amateurs there a lot things that are out of an actor’s control regarding the rest of the movie or film and supporting cast including the final project. The sad thing is this is being done by highly indexed internet sites that come up in the top 5 to 10 web searches regarding Lance Henriksen. These are â€Å"Super Fans† of the Genres doing this. The Webmasters and/or Blogmasters of these highly ranked sites have a responsibility to cut the unnecessary crap out of the comments appearing on their sites. I thought public â€Å"character assassination† was during elections. I do not need to list the sites. You know who you are. Why are you so cruel? Your comments are not reviews that a person can decide whether they want to watch or buy a DVD with Lance Henriksen in it. They are so full of â€Å"potshots† at Lance the person, that the reviews are useless as far as the movie or film. We complain about what is said by the media and on television and printed in our newspapers then we crucify our own Genre actors via the Internet and worst than the tabloids. Are being hypocrites okay if it is done on the Internet? Be a Responsible Blogger August 22, 2006, 20:36 Due to the recent events surrounding the stalking of Actor Colin Farrell, in our opinion Fans, Bloggers, Blogmasters, and Webmasters must use the data obtained about the person or persons in their website responsibly. Do not allow yourselves to get caught up in the â€Å"indexing† race trying to get your site indexed 1st, 2nd, or 3rd and/or the most popular by disclosing private information or data on your sites. We are responsible for the content on our websites. Therefore, if you have the â€Å"real† address of your celebrity and/or a picture of their homes do not post them on your sites. If you have their personal home telephone or cell number do not post that information. Do your part to protect your celebrity in the same manner you would want to be protected. Being the most popular website on the internet at the expense of subjecting a celebrity and/or any other â€Å"public† person to â€Å"stalkers† and/or other sick people that want to harm them is not worth it. And please do not post non-public private pictures of their children. If you have not been stalked you have no idea of the emotions involved in the ordeal. In addition, do not be naive. Celebrities and other â€Å"public† figures are not the most stalked group of people. We are. Yes, â€Å"Joe Blow† public. The only difference is that the â€Å"public† figure’s stalking becomes a news event. This incident with Actor Colin Farrell is very disturbing for our staff because we have member(s) that have been stalked and eventually attacked by the stalker. So again please, we urge you Fans, Bloggers, Blogmasters, and Webmasters to join our cause to protect each other and the people that are the subjects of our websites. Please join La Femme Nikita07 and Associates in protecting the private information of those mentioned above and all people. Thank you for your cooperation from the staff of La Femme Nikita07 and Associates!!!!!!!

Prevention Of Pressure Ulcer Health And Social Care Essay

Pressure ulcers, or bed sores, or have been impacting worlds for ages, and turn toing the overall bar of force per unit area ulcers is now a outstanding national health care issue. Despite of all the progresss in medical specialty, surgery, nursing attention, force per unit area ulcers still remains a major cause of mortality. Pressure sore is a common job among old people and those who are immobilise or limited activity like post-operative and other bedfast patients. ( Bergstorm, 2005 ) Many surveies province that aged are prone for force per unit area ulcer throughout the universe and its going a important issue ( Nakagami et al. , 2007 ) . Pressure ulcer can be defined as a type of hurt that affects countries of the tegument or implicit in tissue of the organic structure due to application of excessively much force per unit area on it. ( Grey et al 2006 ) It develops as a consequence of tissue mortification of the tegument over the bony prominence, due to the obstructor of the blo od vass flow caused by the application continual force per unit area on it. ( Lyder, 2003 ) The entire outgo for the bar of force per unit area ulcer is well less when compared to its intervention ( Lapsley H M and Vogels R, 1996 ) . It can do terrible frailty and high health-care outgo. The estimated one-year disbursal for the bar and intervention of force per unit area ulcers has been expected about ?1.4 to ?2.1 billion in the United Kingdom and is measured as a monolithic economic job ( Bennet et al. , 2004 ) . After malignant neoplastic disease and cardio vascular disease, force per unit area ulcers are the 3rd most money devouring disease ( Schoonhoven et al. , 2002 ) Harmonizing to European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel ( EPUAP ) the happening rates of force per unit area ulcers are runing from 8-23 % . In acute attention infirmaries in the western states the reported prevalence has wide-ranging between 9-22 % . Bettering the criterion of force per unit area ulcer attention could ini ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡uence the estimated one-year outgo and quality of life ( Tannen A et al. , 2004 ) . Harmonizing to Whittington et Al ( 2000 ) the prevalence of 15 % of force per unit area ulcers are recorded on admittance, whereas for the 60 % of the persons there was no specific information about the presence or absence of the force per unit area ulcers. In another survey, it is clear that 12.8 % have already had the frailty on their admittance. Harmonizing to Rycroft-Malone, ( 2000 ) A force per unit area ulcers can develop at any country of the organic structure, but normally occurs over cadaverous prominences. ( Murdoch, 2002 ; Jones, 2001 ) The countries can supposed to develop force per unit area sores are sacrum, heels, cubituss and dorsum of the caput. The visual aspect of force per unit area sore is really fast and therefore the early appraisal and stairss to forestall is really necessary ( George and Malkenson, 2008 ) . Pressure strength and continuance are the two chief factors for the force per unit area ulcer formation because of force per unit area. Pressure strength is the volume of external force per unit area applied on internal tissues whereas continuance is the sum of external force is sustained by internal tissues ( Cullum et al. , 2000 ) Harmonizing to NICE guidelines ( 2003 ) the hazard factors act uponing to develop force per unit area ulcer in an single includes intrinsic hazard factors and extrinsic hazard factors. The intrinsic hazard factors such as decreased mobility or stationariness, centripetal damage, acute unwellness, degree of consciousness, extremes of age, vascular disease, terrible chronic or terminal unwellness, old history of force per unit area harm, malnutrition and desiccation. And extrinsic hazard factors are force per unit area, shear, and clash. Shear is defined as the applied force that can do an opposite, parallel skiding gesture in the planes of an object. The sum of force per unit area exerted has got a direct affect on Shear. ( Pieper B, 2007, Nix DP, 2007 ) . Clash is defined as a superficial, mechanical force directed against the cuticle, ensuing in increased susceptibleness to ulceration ( Pieper B. , 2007 ) . Pressure ulcers are classified harmonizing to different phases as defined by the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel ( NPUAP ) . Originally there were merely four phases, but in February 2007 these phases were revised and two more classs such as deep tissue hurt and unstageable were added to it. Phase IA -Redness of a localised country, normally over a cadaverous prominence. Darkly pigmented tegument may non hold seeable blanching ; as its coloring material may differ from the environing country. Phase IIA – loss of partial thickness corium demoing as a shallow unfastened ulcer with a ruddy or tap lesion bed, without any gangrene. It may besides show as or open or ruptured serum filled blisters. Phase IIIA – The bed of hypodermic fatA may be seen but bone, musculus or sinews are non exposed. Slough may be present but does non cover the deepness of tissue loss. Phase IVA – exposure of bone, sinew or musculus. Slough or may be present on some parts of the lesion bed. UnstageableA – Loss of the thickness of the tegument in which in which the base of the ulcer is covered by gangrene ( xanthous, tan, grey, green or brown ) in the lesion bed. Deep tissue InjuryA – Purple or maroon localised country of discolored tegument or blood-filled blister due to damage of implicit in soft tissue due to force per unit area. The country may be preceded by tissue that is house, painful, and mushy compared to next tissue. ( NPUAP 2007 ) To forestall the formation of force per unit area sores nurses are following a assortment of steps such as hazard appraisal and hazard appraisal tools, altering the place of the bedfast patients on a regular basis, inspecting the force per unit area country on a regular basis and while making personal attention, using unctions or picks over the force per unit area countries, supplying comfy mattresses such as air bed, H2O mattress for the bedridden and immobilise patients, puting pillows under the topographic points prone to organize force per unit area ulcer for the vulnerable peoples, maximise nutritionary position, etc. However the efficiency of all these methods is in treatment and statement. This essay study will collate all the assorted available literatures sing the bar of force per unit area ulcer and suggest the better and good pattern to forestall the formation of force per unit area sore among the high hazard people. The criterion of nursing attention is really of import for the bar and direction of force per unit area ulcers. The lovingness of patients, who are at hazard with force per unit area ulcer, is the chief challenge for nurses ( Sinclair et al. , 2004 ) . Harmonizing to Lewis M et Al 2003 the first measure nurses should do out is the hazard appraisal of patients and it is better to place the patient at hazard in the early phases, so we can forestall the force per unit area sores. It consists of degree of mobility, nutritionary position, degree of consciousness and neurological position, incontinency, centripetal damage, complete patient history, and physical and psychosocial scrutiny measuring mental position and cognitive ability. To back up health professionals there are assessment graduated tables to place the patients at hazard. Harmonizing to Walker D K et Al 2010 tegument attention and wet are indispensable to forestall force per unit area sore. Keeping skin unity is of import for the patient`s at hazard. Furthermore inordinate of wet and waterlessness can breakdown the skin`s opposition. Wherever wet is present, it is of import to clean the part exhaustively. Patients identified at hazard should be bathed one time a twenty-four hours. PH balanced cleansing agent is used to protect the tegument from wet and waterlessness, it is a natural protection mechanism of a tegument. When cleansing the skin day-to-day or in the presence of wet, it is necessary non to utilize utmost force or clash. Eventhough wet can non be controlled, usage skin barriers to protect tegument from wet. Dry tegument besides needs to be prevented by utilizing a pH-balanced moisturizer. The surveies conducted by saleh et Al, ( 2008 ) and Lindergren et al. , ( 2002 ) evidenced that usage of hazard appraisal graduated table is successful in foretelling the formation of force per unit area sore ( Decubitus Ulcer ) .The surveies substantiated the function of hazard appraisal graduated tables and their utility in the bar and direction of force per unit area sores. Harmonizing to Lindergren et al. , 2002 states the dependability of hazard rating graduated table in the anticipation of force per unit area sore formation. However, the alteration conducted by saleh et Al. ( 2008 ) , argues about the decrease in the happening of clinical acquired force per unit area tonss through the regular application of hazard appraisal graduated tables. Their acquisition besides states that opinion of clinical appraisal is besides same valuable as associate with the sensing of force per unit area sore through hazard appraisal graduated table. In add-on, Defloor and Grypdonck, ( 2004 ) besides stated that appraisal tools have a critical function for the bar of force per unit area sore. There are many restrictions for the hazard appraisal tools which may take to supply incorrect positive consequences. The dependability, specificity and feeling of the graduated table are influenced by the preventative method applications. Nurses are utilizing a assortment of hazard appraisal tools based on practical experience they acquired. The hazard appraisal tools are assessed by agencies of numerical tonss. The variables like degree of continency, medicines and nutritionary position will give an mean mark for the hazard patients ( Whitening, N. L. , 2009 ) . Braden graduated table is the universally used hazard appraisal graduated table which includes the variables like centripetal perceptual experience, activity, mobility, wet and the nutritionary position. The hazard appraisal graduated table works in such a manner that every bit shor tly as the patient admitted in the infirmary two measure rating is carried out within the first six hours. The two stairss include the skin appraisal and the hazard appraisal to place the possibility of formation of force per unit area sore ( O ‘ Neil, 2004 ) . Frequent rating and appraisal should be done in every consequent rating at every 12 hours on patients who are at high hazard.In the same manner patients who are at low hazard besides needs to be evaluate often to detect or to place any new hazard factors and supplying suited preventative steps ( O ‘ Neil, 2004 ) . The most normally used tool measuring the force per unit area sore in U.K is the Waterlow force per unit area ulcer hazard appraisal tool. And it is user friendly and recommended by the nurses in U.K. Pancorbo-hidalgo et Al. ( 2006 ) , suggests that the Waterlow force per unit area ulcer hazard appraisal tool has good force per unit area sore thinking ability and sensitiveness which may ensue to acquire incorrect positive consequences. With the waterlow force per unit area ulcer hazard assessment tool among the seven assessment surveies conducted by pancorbo-hidalgo, P.L. et Al. ( 2006 ) they got merely few findings with corrects values. Bergstorm et Al. ( 2001 ) agrees that hazard appraisal is done by graduated tables like Braden graduated table or the Norton graduated table in the infirmaries which is more dependable. However there is no universally accepted hazard appraisal tool to be adopted to forestall force per unit area sore. Besides this, the use of the hazard appraisal tools has their ain bounds in clinical systems. Alternatively, Saleh et Al. ( 2008 ) argues that medical opinion is successful as hazard appraisal tools to find the suited to be delivered. Nevertheless, Pancorbo-Hidalgo et Al, ( 2006 ) Braden and Norton graduated tables were noticed to be good once more at hazard computation than the scientific opinions. On the other manus, harmonizing to NICE guidelines ( 2003 ) hazard appraisal tools can merely be used as an aide-memoire and should non replace clinical judgement. Normal supply of O and foods are indispensable for the tissues, to keep wellness. ( Gottrup 2004 ) . When patients sitting or lying, the force per unit area signifier peculiar portion of the organic structure consequences in the lessening of O causes force per unit area sore ( Defloor 2005 ) . The survey conducted by Kaitani et al. , 2010, Vanderwee et al. , 2007 and Pearson et al. , 2010 reveals the importance of altering the place for the bed ridden or immobilise patient in forestalling force per unit area sore happening. Their surveies evidenced the effectivity of shifting in regular intervals among the vulnerable patients. Repositioning is considered as an effectual control method against force per unit area sores ( decubitus ulcer ) . Harmonizing to Vanderwee et al. , ( 2007 ) the effectivity of force of force per unit area greater in sideway place. He besides suggested that supine place is the comfy place to cut down the consequence of force per unit area on the bony prominence . The experiment conducted by Vanderwee et Al. ( 2007 reveals that more regular repositioning does non really diminish the happening of force per unit area sore. But he recognizes that turning of patients is an effective preventative method. The incidence of force per unit area ulcer is more in patients who are lying down in side manner place. The hazard has been reduced when the patients are lying down in supine place. On the other manus the survey conducted by Peterson et Al. ( 2010 ) argues that the effectivity of shifting is less or non dependable even though it is done by any experient nurse. And he found that after keeping an appropriate force per unit area below 33 millimeter of Hg cut down the incidence of force per unit area ulcer. He states that by making this there is still opportunity of happening force per unit area sore in the hazard countries. While turning the patient they are non droping the all countries prone to coerce consequence with the tegument. Even though the standard methods for forestalling force per unit area sores are maintained the tegument dislocation go oning as the hazard countries are non relieved from force per unit area. The survey conducted by Kaitani et Al. ( 2010 ) evidenced that patients enduring from force per unit area sore have done merely a fewer alteration of placement and turning. In their surveies they states that they did n't noticed any patients with force per unit area sore who has been changed their place often in a regular intervals. From the findings of Hobbs ( 2004 ) besides reveals that there is no diminution of incidence in force per unit area sore in the infirmary due to the everyday repositioning on older people. Similarly Peterson et al 2010 found that still the incidence of force per unit area ulcer are increasing in the clinical scenes where standard turning of patients has already been done. In EPUAP guidelines ( 2009 ) , suggests that shifting is an effectual method which will diminish the extent and happening of force per unit area over susceptible points like sacrum, heels, cubituss and dorsum of the caput bony prominences. However, there was no research survey conducted by any research workers to cipher the clip spread needed to turn the patient that means there is no grounds of turning intervals from any old surveies or researches. It is really of import to inspect the support surface while making shifting. Patient must be repositioned in regularity after inspecting the tissue viability, call uping degree, medical status and rating of skin unity. It is besides subjected by the supportive surface So shifting can cut down the incidence of force per unit area sore to an extent. In infirmaries and wellness attention places it is suggested that shifting to be done in every 4 hours and by the usage of air mattress the incidence of the happening of force per unit area sore can be prevented. Many of the patient ‘s feels really discomfort while turning often, to avoid frequent turning force per unit area cut downing support surfaces can be used to alleviate force per unit area. Importantly force per unit area alleviating support surface devices has critical function in the bar of force per unit area. Harmonizing to Cullum et al. , 2001 it is divided into two, low tech devices and high tech devices. Low tech devices are soothing support surface to distribute the organic structure weight over an country whereas high devices are jumping support surface where inflatable cells consecutively inflate and deflate. Harmonizing to Lewis M, et Al ( 2003 ) if the patients holding a moderate to high possibility of developing force per unit area sore, dynamic support surfaces include a big cell jumping force per unit area mattress, a low air loss or air fluidized bed, or other force per unit area redistributing systems can be recommended. In a survey conducted by Nixon et Al ( 2006 ) found that in operating tabular arraies, specialized froth mattress sheathings are effectual to cut down the incidence of postoperative force per unit area sores while in other scenes, specialized froth and sheathings were the lone surfaces that were invariably better to standard infirmary mattresses in cut downing incidence of force per unit area ulcers. To diminish the contact between bony prominences and support surfaces, pillows and froths are used. In add-on to that for cut downing the clash and shearing harm, raising devices such as slide sheets, slings or arms can be used to travel the patients. On the other manus, it is ill-defined about the grounds for the advantages of higher-specification changeless low-pressure and alternating-pressure support surfaces for forestalling force per unit area sores. However, there is clinical grounds of a difference in hazard of developing force per unit area ulcers when utilizing high-specification froth mattresses, compared to standard infirmary mattresses. ( Nice 2005 ) Decisions for force per unit area alleviating device should find at hazard appraisal. It must include degree of hazard, comfort, patient`s penchants, general wellness and timing of the surgery..The surveies conducted by Holm et Al. ( 2007 ) and Ferguson et Al. ( 2000 ) evidenced the significance of nutrition in force per unit area ulcer bar. This survey suggests that older people are largely affected due to coerce ulcer. This is because of their less skin unity and low nutritionary position. The nutritionary position of the aged people is normally related with the degree of consumption of nutrient and fluids along with assorted nursing intercession methods ( Holm et al. , 2007 ) . Management of force per unit area sore and its intervention closely related with the clients nutritionary position. The people with less nutritionary position have a high hazard of happening of force per unit area ulcer. The nutritionary position of the patient has to be assessed by the nurse ab initio. Adequate measure of proteins, Calories, minerals, vitamins and fluids are necessary to keep the tegument unity and lesion healing publicity ( Ferguson et al. , 2000 ) . The promotion and direction of force per unit area sore extremely influenced by their nutritionary position. For making an successful preventative steps it is indispensable to carried out with proper nutritionary rating techniques and planning ( Ferguson et al. , 2000 ) .pressure sore and nutritionary position are closely related to each other and are straight relative to each other.patients who are with less nutritionary position or malnourished are likely to be more prone to develop force per unit area sore ( Thomas, 1997 ) .To cut down the incidence both dietitians and nurses should work jointly. To measure the nutritionary position of the patient and the degree of undernourishment and proper planning and intercessions to be done to better the position if unequal ( Ferguson et al. , 2000 ) .According to EPUAP ( 2009 ) recommendation every wellness attention system should make testing and rating trials of the nutritionary degree of the vulnerable people who are at hazard of force per unit area sore. Pressure sore in bulk instances are preventable and governable. A targeted control step is far better than indicating on handling antecedently recognized force per unit area sores. Preventive steps to fraudulences ( force per unit area ) sore saves clip and money. By making an effectual preventative techniques can besides understate the loss of energy and decrease in the work burden over the wellness attention bringing force ‘s and staffs chiefly nurses. Bergstrom N. , Braden B. , Kemp M. , Champagne M. & A ; Ruby E. ( 1998 ) Predicting Pressure ulcer hazard. A multisite survey of the prognostic cogency of the Braden graduated table. Nursing Research. 47 ( 5 ) , p.261-26 Bergstrom N, Braden B. A prospective survey of force per unit area sore hazard among institutionalised elderly. J Am Geriatric S Bennett G, Dealey C, Posnett J. The cost of force per unit area ulcers in the UK. Age Ageing 2004 ; 33:230-5 Cullum N, Nelson EA, Nixon J ( 2000 ) Pressure sores. Clinical Evidence: 979-98 Defloor, T. and Grypdonck, M. F. ( 2004 ) Validation of force per unit area ulcer hazard appraisal graduated tables: a review. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 48 ( 6 ) , p. 613-621. Defloor T, De Bacquer D, Grypdonck MH. The consequence of assorted combinations of turning and force per unit area cut downing devices on the incidence of force per unit area ulcers. International Journal of Nursing Studies 2005 ; 42 ( 1 ) :37-46. European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel and National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel ( 2009 ) force per unit area Ulcer Prevention Quick Reference Guide. NPtJAP, Washington DC. Ferguson, M. , Cook, A. , Rimmasch, H. , Bender, S. and Voss, A. ( 2000 ) Pressure ulcer direction: the importance of nutrition. MEDSURG Nursing, 9 ( 4 ) . Gottrup F. ( 2004 ) Oxygen in lesion healing and infection. World Journal of Surgery ; 28 ( 3 ) :312-5. Gray, J.E.Enoch, S.Harding, K.G. ( 2006 ) ABC of wound healing.Pressure ulcers.British medical journal.332.p.472-476 Holm, B. , Mesh, L. , and Ove, H. ( 2007 ) . Importance of nutrition for aged individuals with force per unit area ulcers or a exposure of force per unit area ulcers: a systematic reappraisal. Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, 25 ( 1 ) , p. 77-84. Jones I, Tweed C, Marron M ( 2001 ) A Pressure country attention in babies and kids: Nimbus Paediatric System.A Br J NursA 10 ( 12 ) : 789-95. Kaitani, T. , Tokunaga, K. , Matsui, N. and Sanada, H. ( 2010 ) . Hazard factors related to the development of force per unit area ulcers in the critical attention scenes. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 19, 414-421. Lewis, M. , Pearson, A. , Ward, C. ( 2003 ) Pressure ulcer bar and intervention: Transforming research findings into consensus based clinical guidelines. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 9, p.92-102. Lindgren, M. , Unosson, M. and Krantz, A. M. ( 2002 ) A hazard appraisal graduated table for the anticipation of force per unit area sore development: dependability and cogency. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 38, p.190-199. Lyder, C. , Yu C, Stevenson, D. , Mangat, R. , Empleo- Frazier, O. , Emerling, J. and McKay J. Validating the Braden Scale for the anticipation of force per unit area ulcer hazard in inkinesss and Latino/Hispanic seniors: a pilot survey ( 1998 ) . Ostomy Wound Manage. 44 ( 3A ) p.42S-49S. Murdoch V ( 2002 ) A Pressure attention in the pediatric attention unit.A Nursing standardA 17 ( 6 ) : 71-6 National Institute for Clinical Excellence. ( 2003 ) Pressure ulcer bar. Clinical guideline 7. Nix DP. Support surfaces. In: Bryant R, Nix D, eds. Acute & A ; Chronic Wounds: Current Management Concepts. 3rd erectile dysfunction. St Louis MO: Mosby ; 2007:235-248. Nixon, J. , Nelson, E.A. , Cranny, G. , Iglesias, C.P. , Hawkins, K. , Cullum, N.A. , Philips, A. , Splisbury, K. , Dorgerson, D.J. , Mason, S.,2006b. Pressure alleviating support surfaces: a randomized rating. Health Technology Assessment 10 ( 22 ) Nakagami G. , Sakai K. , Matsui N. , Sanada H. , Kitagawa A. , Tadaka E. and Sugama J. ( 2008 ) Validation and finding of the feeling country of the KINOTEX detector to develop a new mattress with an interface pressure-sensing system. Life science National Pressure Ulce Advisory Panel ( NPUAP ) ( 2007, February ) .A Pressure ulcer definition and phases. Retrieved 4/13/2007, fromA hypertext transfer protocol: //www.npuap.org Pancorbo-Hidalgo, P. L. , Garcia-Fernandez, F. P. , Lopez-Medina, I. M. and Alvarez- Nieto, C. ( 2006 ) Risk appraisal graduated tables for force per unit area ulcer bar: a systematic reappraisal. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 54, p. 94-110. Peterson, J. M. , Schwab, W. , Oostrom, V. H. J. , Gravenstein, N.and Caruso, J. L. ( 2010 ) . Consequence of turning on skin-bed interface in healthy grownups. Journal of advanced Nursing, 66 ( 7 ) , p. 1556-1564. Pieper B. Mechanical forces: force per unit area, shear, and clash. In: Bryant R, Nix D, eds. Acute & A ; Chronic Wounds: Current Management Concepts. 3rd erectile dysfunction. St Louis, MO: Mosby ; 2007:205-234. Rycroft-Malone J and McInnes EA ( 2000 ) Pressure ulcer hazard appraisal and prevention-technical study London, A Royal College of Nursing Saleh, M. , Anthony, D. and Parboteeah, S. ( 2009 ) . The impact of force per unit area ulcer hazard appraisal on patient results among hospitalised patients. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 18, p. 1923-1929 Schoonhoven, L. , Haalboom, J, R, E. , Bousema, M, T. , Algra, A. , Grobbee, D, E. , Grypdonck, M, H. , Buskens, E. ( 2002 ) Prospective cohort survey of everyday usage of hazard appraisal graduated tables for anticipation of force per unit area ulcers. BMJ, 325, p.1-5. Sinclair, L. , Berwiczonek, H. and Thurston, N. ( 2004 ) Evaluation of an grounds based instruction plan for force per unit area ulcer bar. Journal of Wound, Ostomy, and Continence Nursing. 31 ( 1 ) , p. 43-50. Tannen A, Dassen T, Bours G, Halfens RJG. A comparing of force per unit area ulcers prevalence: concerted informations aggregation in the Netherlands and Germany. Int J Nurs Stud 2004 ; 41:607-12 Thomas, D. R. The function of nutrition in bar and healing of force per unit area ulcers. ( 1997 ) . Clinical Geriatric Medicine. 13, p. 497-511. Vanderwee, K. , Grypdonck, M. and Defloor, T. ( 2007 ) Non-blanchable erythema as an index for the demand for force per unit area ulcer bar: a randomized-controlled test Journal of Clinical Nursing.16, p.325-335. Walker D K, Sell S V, Kindred C. ( 2010 ) Pressure Ulcer Prevention Utilizing Unlicensed Assistive Personnel Crit Care Nurs Vol. 33, No. 4, pp. 348-355 Whitening, N.L. ( 2009 ) Skin appraisal of patients at hazard of force per unit area ulcers. Nursing Standard. 24 ( 10 ) , p.40-44. Whittington, K. , Patrick, M. , Roberts, J, L. ( 2000 ) A national survey of force per unit area ulcer prevalence and incidence in ague attention infirmaries. Journal of Wound, Ostomy and Continence, 27, p. 209-215.

Hydro Electric Power Example

Hydro Electric Power Example Hydro Electric Power – Article Example Full [March 13, Hydro electric Power Hydro electric power or simply hydropower is a way of generating electrical energy through the use of the force and energy of falling water. It is a clean and environmentally friendly source of energy creation. As petroleum and other fossil fuels become scarcer being non renewable sources of energy, hydroelectricity is becoming a much more convenient and secure resource.Hydro electric power plants use the conventional phenomenon of the water wheel to produce electricity. This wheel was first introduced in 1882 and till date hydroelectricity continues to be a major source of energy amounting up to 24% of the world’s electricity.Hydro power plants use simple mechanics to convert the gravitational force of water into electricity. Such a plant is set up on basic components such as a dam, turbines, generators and of course water falling with great force.All hydro power plants consist of a dam which is used as to hold water. When the gates of the dam open, water forces its way with great pressure which rotates the large blades of the turbines. As the turbines spin, so does the magnets inside the generators which are directly connected to the turbines. There is a network of copper coils that work along with the magnets to produce alternating current. This current is then passed to the transformer which then converts it into high voltage current and supplies it to various places through power lines (Sherman & Josepha, 2004). With the increased popularity of hydro electric plants as a clean and renewable source of energy, environmental concerns regarding floods associated with the building of large dams for such plants are also increasing.ReferenceSherman, Josepha.  Hydroelectric Power. Mankato, Minn: Capstone Press, 2004. Print.

Overview of Administrative Divisions of Countries Around the World

Overview of Administrative Divisions of Countries Around the World People understand that the United  States is organized into fifty states and that Canada has ten provinces and three territories. However, some are less familiar with how the other nations of the world organize themselves into administrative units. The  CIA World Factbook  lists the names of every countrys administrative divisions, but lets look at some of those divisions used in other nations of the world: Brazil: Officially known as the Federative Republic of Brazil,  Brazil  is divided fairly simply into twenty-six states and the federal district of Brasilia, its  central capital city. This organization is similar to that of the United States system of states plus Washington, DC.  China: China is composed of twenty-two provinces, five autonomous regions (including Xizang or Tibet), three independent municipalities (Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing, and Tianjin), and the new Special Administrative Region of Hong Kong. This complicated system reflects the complex ethnic makeup of China.  Ethiopia:  Ethiopia is divided into nine ethnically-based administrative regions and the federal capital, Addis Ababa.France:  Frances famous 96 departments (101 if you include the overseas French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Reunion, and St. Pierre and Miquelon) are combined to form twenty-two regions.Germany: Germany is divided simply,  into sixteen states.  India: India is home to t wenty-five states and seven union territories. Indonesia:  13,500-island Indonesia has twenty-four provinces, two special regions, and a special capital city district (Jakarta Raya).Italy: Italy is simply divided, into twenty individual regions.Japan:  The island nation of  Japan has forty-seven prefectures.Mexico: Mexicos long-form name is the United Mexican States. It is composed of thirty-one states and the federal district of the capital, Mexico City.Russia: The Russian Federation is slightly complicated. Its composed of forty-nine oblasts, twenty-one autonomous republics, ten autonomous okrugs, six krays, two federal cities (Moscow and St. Petersburg), and one autonomous oblast (Yevreyskaya).South Africa:  Before 1994, South Africa was divided into four provinces and four homelands. Today, South Africa is divided into nine provinces (Eastern Cape, Free State, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga, North-West, Northern Cape, Northern Province, and Western Cape.)Spain: Spain is composed of seventeen autonomous communities . Nine of these autonomous communities are further divided into two to nine provinces each. The United Kingdom:  The United Kingdom  is the appropriate name for the region that includes Great Britain (the island composed of England, Scotland, and Wales) and Northern Ireland. Each region of the UK has a different internal structure. England is composed of thirty-nine counties and seven metropolitan counties (including Greater London). Northern Ireland is composed of twenty-six districts, and Wales has eight counties. Finally, Scotland includes nine regions and three islands areas.Vietnam:  Vietnam is composed of fifty provinces and three municipalities (Ha Noi, Hai Phong, and Ho Chi Minh). While all the administrative subdivisions used in each nation have some means of local governance, how they interact with the national governing body and their methods for communicating with one another varies significantly from nation to nation. In some nations, the subdivisions have a notable amount of autonomy and are allowed to set fairly independent policies and even their own laws, while in other nations the administrative subdivisions exist only to facilitate the implementation of national laws and policies. In nations with clearly drawn ethnic divisions, the administrative units may follow these ethnic lines to the extent that each has its own official language or dialect.

Business plan, Market, Analysis, Construction

The business is a family owned company. As a Managing consultant, I have been employed to assess the viabilities of these two proposals and to produce a business plan that could be presented at the bank to gain financial backing for the expansion. I was able to make an ASSESSMENT CRITERIA, which were listed below: †¢ Understanding and application of theories †¢ Correct use of terminology, techniques, etc. †¢ Relevance of examples and scenarios †¢ Quality of referencing and sourcing of material (evidence) †¢ Quality of presentation †¢ Correct structuring of the report Business Plan: Constructed â€Å"mega-projects† are readily recognizable for their form and function, and in many cases, are awe-inspiring.   Major buildings and bridges give identities to cities and nations and evoke a sense of pride in the people. â€Å"The construction industry is a vast system of engineers, architects, laborers, craftsmen, material, equipment and tool suppliers, and project owners responsible for building these structures (http://bcc.ecnext.com/)†.   The scope of the industry is all encompassing, including every type of facility imaginable.   Roads, bridges, mass transit, airports, schools, retail and commercial buildings, industrial and manufacturing facilities, drinking water systems, wastewater treatment facilities, dams and power generation, solid waste facilities, and hazardous waste treatment and disposal projects all benefit society and bolster our national security.   The construction industry seminar focused on projects and issues that have a pote ntial mobilization involvement. Executive Summary stated that, a home office in Yellowknife, NT will be established the first year of operations to reduce start up costs. The founder of the firm is a professional engineer with eighteen years of progressive and responsible experience. After the operation has started it was found out that the first year operation increased till up to 3rd year operation as well. Notice the sales amount in dollars increases as well as dollar profits together with the percent sales/profit. The firm will specialize in providing three dimensional modeling and visualization to our clients. State-of-the-art analysis and design tools will be an integral part of the business plan. Implementation of a quality control and assurance program will provide a focus for production work. The highlights of the executive summary shown in a bar graph presentation as analyzed in this manner, red bar represents which is increasing dollars from year 2000 to the year 2002. Also apple green color represents gross margin, which is also increasing order and while net profit increased in increasing order as well. Objectives were seen to have the following: Achieve 20% of market value at the end of the third year of operation. Increase gross margin to 80% by the third year of operations. Company has mission, as stated here: Our mission is to provide clients across Canada’s North with structural engineering services for all types of buildings, from concept planning through to completion, with a highly skilled professional team working together, using common sense and practical.   Key to success has developed experience as stated. Provide professional quality services on time and on budget. Develop a follow-up strategy to gauge performance with all clients. Implement and maintain a quality control and assurance policy. Company Summary: Structure All Ltd. is a new company, which provides professional engineering design services for clients that manage, maintain, and plan for residential, commercial, and industrial type buildings. Our focus will be the public sector market in remote communities across Canada’s North. Company Ownership will be, Structure All Ltd. will be created as a limited liability company. Philip D. Nolan will privately own the company. Leslie C. Goit will also be listed as a Director. Start up summary: Our start-up expenses amount to $13,000, which allows for initial legal expenses, licenses, permits, stationary, specialty software, office equipment, and furniture. In addition to these start-up costs, an initial balance of $7,000 will be placed in the company accounts. The software purchases include an allowance of $5,000 for AutoCAD ® 2000, $1,800 for National Master Specifications, and $200 for QuickBooks ® (accounting package). Total start-up expenses amounted to $13,000, which has the big values, compared to other expenses. Office equipment, other expenses and permits holder and legal service also has same amount, which is the least expenses incurred. For a company start-up summary goes this way, investments leads small amount while profit is big and the sales amount becomes big. Start-up expenses have the following: Professional Liability Insurance is $1,200, Professional Liability Insurance is $1,200, web site development is $600 and lastly business licenses are $500.So overall total an expense coincides with the total assets. Market Analysis Company Locations and Facilities We will establish a home office in Yellowknife, NT in order to reduce start-up costs. The office space is estimated to be 150 square feet. We will be installing a dedicated fax line as well as a high-speed Internet connection. An interactive website will also be developed which will serve as a marketing tool. Services Structure All Ltd. offers complete structural engineering services. We will focus on buildings with the following Use and Occupancies, like the company is project oriented where each project involves. It also offers Project Consulting, Forensic Investigations, Project Management, and Dispute Resolution. Further more it also caters Restoration Engineering, and Inspections. Describing offers services was noted to be Competitive in the sense that offers their clients superior service, implement a quality assurance and control program for all projects undertaken, systematic manner of sorting and retrieving a library of structural elements and assemblies will be implemented. The sales literature was describe to be a brochure system. Brochure inserts will be maintained as individual sheets to facilitate their assembly in any custom situation. Greatly market analysis will be describe as Structure All Ltd. will focus on traditional Architect/Engineering (A/E) contracts. The owner will usually contract the A/E to perform planning and design services. These design services include preparation of plans, specifications, and estimates. Types of project distributions were having guidelines to follow as *Architecture Design (65%). *Structural Design (10%). *Mechanical Design (15%). *Electrical design (10%) Knowing the Market Segmentation will describe as a manner the market for engineering services that is, established Architectural and Engineering firms, territorial and Federal Governmental Departments. Market analysis Pie can summarize accordingly; Service Business Analysis, Business Participants, which were describe in as much as the manner showed. The major clients within the Territorial Governments include: Department of Education, Department of Transportation, and Department of Education, Department of Transportation, Department of Municipal and Community Affairs and Department of Municipal and Community Affairs. Competition and Buying Patterns at which, pricing of projects and billing rates are surprisingly variable. In consulting at this level, it is easier to be priced too low than too high. Clients and potential clients expect to pay substantial fees for the best quality professional advice. The nature of the billing, however, is sensitive. Clients are much more likely to be offended when a job starts at $20K and ends up at $30K because of overruns, than if the same job started at $30K or even $35K. Main Competitors are Ferguson Simek Clark (FSC Group), A.D. Williams Engineering Ltd. (ADWEL), and Girvan and Associates. Conclusion: The company done a very good performance as the company executive summary showed a very remarkable achievement in the analysis. Business plan, Market, Analysis, Construction The business is a family owned company. As a Managing consultant, I have been employed to assess the viabilities of these two proposals and to produce a business plan that could be presented at the bank to gain financial backing for the expansion. I was able to make an ASSESSMENT CRITERIA, which were listed below: †¢ Understanding and application of theories †¢ Correct use of terminology, techniques, etc. †¢ Relevance of examples and scenarios †¢ Quality of referencing and sourcing of material (evidence) †¢ Quality of presentation †¢ Correct structuring of the report Business Plan: Constructed â€Å"mega-projects† are readily recognizable for their form and function, and in many cases, are awe-inspiring.   Major buildings and bridges give identities to cities and nations and evoke a sense of pride in the people. â€Å"The construction industry is a vast system of engineers, architects, laborers, craftsmen, material, equipment and tool suppliers, and project owners responsible for building these structures (http://bcc.ecnext.com/)†.   The scope of the industry is all encompassing, including every type of facility imaginable.   Roads, bridges, mass transit, airports, schools, retail and commercial buildings, industrial and manufacturing facilities, drinking water systems, wastewater treatment facilities, dams and power generation, solid waste facilities, and hazardous waste treatment and disposal projects all benefit society and bolster our national security.   The construction industry seminar focused on projects and issues that have a pote ntial mobilization involvement. Executive Summary stated that, a home office in Yellowknife, NT will be established the first year of operations to reduce start up costs. The founder of the firm is a professional engineer with eighteen years of progressive and responsible experience. After the operation has started it was found out that the first year operation increased till up to 3rd year operation as well. Notice the sales amount in dollars increases as well as dollar profits together with the percent sales/profit. The firm will specialize in providing three dimensional modeling and visualization to our clients. State-of-the-art analysis and design tools will be an integral part of the business plan. Implementation of a quality control and assurance program will provide a focus for production work. The highlights of the executive summary shown in a bar graph presentation as analyzed in this manner, red bar represents which is increasing dollars from year 2000 to the year 2002. Also apple green color represents gross margin, which is also increasing order and while net profit increased in increasing order as well. Objectives were seen to have the following: Achieve 20% of market value at the end of the third year of operation. Increase gross margin to 80% by the third year of operations. Company has mission, as stated here: Our mission is to provide clients across Canada’s North with structural engineering services for all types of buildings, from concept planning through to completion, with a highly skilled professional team working together, using common sense and practical.   Key to success has developed experience as stated. Provide professional quality services on time and on budget. Develop a follow-up strategy to gauge performance with all clients. Implement and maintain a quality control and assurance policy. Company Summary: Structure All Ltd. is a new company, which provides professional engineering design services for clients that manage, maintain, and plan for residential, commercial, and industrial type buildings. Our focus will be the public sector market in remote communities across Canada’s North. Company Ownership will be, Structure All Ltd. will be created as a limited liability company. Philip D. Nolan will privately own the company. Leslie C. Goit will also be listed as a Director. Start up summary: Our start-up expenses amount to $13,000, which allows for initial legal expenses, licenses, permits, stationary, specialty software, office equipment, and furniture. In addition to these start-up costs, an initial balance of $7,000 will be placed in the company accounts. The software purchases include an allowance of $5,000 for AutoCAD ® 2000, $1,800 for National Master Specifications, and $200 for QuickBooks ® (accounting package). Total start-up expenses amounted to $13,000, which has the big values, compared to other expenses. Office equipment, other expenses and permits holder and legal service also has same amount, which is the least expenses incurred. For a company start-up summary goes this way, investments leads small amount while profit is big and the sales amount becomes big. Start-up expenses have the following: Professional Liability Insurance is $1,200, Professional Liability Insurance is $1,200, web site development is $600 and lastly business licenses are $500.So overall total an expense coincides with the total assets. Market Analysis Company Locations and Facilities We will establish a home office in Yellowknife, NT in order to reduce start-up costs. The office space is estimated to be 150 square feet. We will be installing a dedicated fax line as well as a high-speed Internet connection. An interactive website will also be developed which will serve as a marketing tool. Services Structure All Ltd. offers complete structural engineering services. We will focus on buildings with the following Use and Occupancies, like the company is project oriented where each project involves. It also offers Project Consulting, Forensic Investigations, Project Management, and Dispute Resolution. Further more it also caters Restoration Engineering, and Inspections. Describing offers services was noted to be Competitive in the sense that offers their clients superior service, implement a quality assurance and control program for all projects undertaken, systematic manner of sorting and retrieving a library of structural elements and assemblies will be implemented. The sales literature was describe to be a brochure system. Brochure inserts will be maintained as individual sheets to facilitate their assembly in any custom situation. Greatly market analysis will be describe as Structure All Ltd. will focus on traditional Architect/Engineering (A/E) contracts. The owner will usually contract the A/E to perform planning and design services. These design services include preparation of plans, specifications, and estimates. Types of project distributions were having guidelines to follow as *Architecture Design (65%). *Structural Design (10%). *Mechanical Design (15%). *Electrical design (10%) Knowing the Market Segmentation will describe as a manner the market for engineering services that is, established Architectural and Engineering firms, territorial and Federal Governmental Departments. Market analysis Pie can summarize accordingly; Service Business Analysis, Business Participants, which were describe in as much as the manner showed. The major clients within the Territorial Governments include: Department of Education, Department of Transportation, and Department of Education, Department of Transportation, Department of Municipal and Community Affairs and Department of Municipal and Community Affairs. Competition and Buying Patterns at which, pricing of projects and billing rates are surprisingly variable. In consulting at this level, it is easier to be priced too low than too high. Clients and potential clients expect to pay substantial fees for the best quality professional advice. The nature of the billing, however, is sensitive. Clients are much more likely to be offended when a job starts at $20K and ends up at $30K because of overruns, than if the same job started at $30K or even $35K. Main Competitors are Ferguson Simek Clark (FSC Group), A.D. Williams Engineering Ltd. (ADWEL), and Girvan and Associates. Conclusion: The company done a very good performance as the company executive summary showed a very remarkable achievement in the analysis.

Listening Response Beatles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Listening Response Beatles - Essay Example In short, the song is appropriately recognized as one of the most complex recordings by the Beatles and the extensive overdubbing and editing has not weakened the effect. On the contrary, as Brennan remarks, it has created "the right setting for a very good song." (Brennan) The overall magical effect of the song is intensified by the sound pattern and the most appreciable feature of the song is the creation of a kind of 'sound picture' in the composition which reflects the feelings of the composer. The other chief characteristics of the song includes its orchestral music, the unusual instruments in lieu of the traditional vocal and musical styles, and sound effects such as cymbals recorded and played backward. According to Roberts, "Strawberry Fields Forever," written by Lennon, evokes the feeling of the flower shows in the Salvation Army Camp, conducted every summer. "His words and music are like a lighthearted walk through a summer garden." (Roberts, 67) Unlike any other rock 'n' roll song of the past, "Strawberry Fields Forever" exploited the recording technology as well as creativity to the maximum. To speak specifically about the composition of the song "Strawberry Fields Forever," it is important to note that Lennon was particular about the lyrics to be like a conversation.

Managment Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Managment - Research Proposal Example 15-31, 1974). First, the workers’ physiological and security needs like food and shelter, should stand satisfied by their job. Then their social needs should be satisfied, as well as their self-esteem needs. Only then will they be ready to work towards fulfilling their need to actualize their dreams and ambitions, and strive for work-related advancements. In other words, Maslow presents us with an extremely accurate perspective on motivation and the barriers to its processes. If workers do not receive enough compensation from their job to be able to afford food and shelter, they will find no motivation to perform well at the job and gain advancement (Bateman et al, pp. 515-542, 2008). In other words, if their basic needs are not satisfied, this will act as a barrier from these workers feeling motivated to perform well. While this barrier seems to simplify the nature of human beings greatly, it is a very accurate model of motivation. While human beings are complicated individuals, their basic needs overpower their ability to act the way that is beneficial or desirable. Thus, it should be a priority for the organizational manager, that the workers’ basic needs have been satisfied, so that the manager may then motivate these workers to work harder and perform better. This has a simple implication for the managers also, which is to ensure that the workers are compensated with an adequate wage, before seeking to motivate them (â€Å"Nwlnk†, pp.1 , 2010). This need-based model of motivation has also received considerable support form Herzberg’s ERG (Existence, Relatedness, and Growth) theory and McClelland’s need-based theory. Both of these are derivatives of the need hierarchy, and promote the understanding that unsatisfied basic human needs can be a significant barrier when trying to motivate a worker. The Expectancy Theory about motivation is another very well known model of motivation, which provides us with another barrier, which can stand

Internship Report - Agency operator Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Internship Report - Agency operator - Essay Example This paper highlights the focus on a new area of UK, where there is no activity for AVIS auto rental. Further into the paper, it discusses the product design which will be useful to cater to the needs of the consumers of Oxford Street and generate revenues for the company. It then proceeds to focus on focus on the basic 4P’s of marketing – Product, Place, Promotion and Price. An effective pricing is very important in this case. There are multiple numbers of competitors that are buzzing around in UK, and have the potential to pick the same spot as a battlefield. So fixing a highly competitive and affordable price to occupy the share of minds amongst the consumers and high brand recall is very brilliant. The paper, further down the line, also focuses on ways and means to market the route and location of the service in order to make the consumers aware of its offerings. It also brings into focus the possible staffing of employees to maintain an efficient manpower base. And finally, it also discusses the operational details and aspects that are required and considered vital for the efficient delivery of the product. Contents Executive Summary 2 Market Overview 4 About the Company 4 Designing of the Product 5 Marketing Strategy 5 Product 5 Place 6 Promotion 6 ... Car Rental is a very profitable and popular business in the UK and western markets, as people with increasingly high disposable income and the ability to purchases the rental services are growing in number every year. The car rental industry is basically categorized on the basis of either location or by the type of customer availing the service (Researchandmarkets, 2010). The recent times have been a little challenging for the business of car rental in the UK. As per reports by various UK based market research agencies, the car rental industry suffered a setback during the year 2009 and the setback continued till then. The reason being is simple. Ever since the global economy went into a credit crunch, which was triggered by the collapse of the famed Lehmann Brothers, the spending on rental services worldwide took a hit. As a part of the picture, UK’s car rental agencies also suffered to some extent during that time. Around the year 2009, people all over the globe preferred to check their spending habits and preferred to save their finances instead of spending and splurging by going on holidays, tours or romantic getaways to foreign countries. This change in global consumer behavior shrank the profit margin for the car rental companies as there has been a significant decline in the amount of revenue that was being generated by providing rental services to the middle class tourists coming from various locations across the globe. Also, the recent slowdown due to the Euro crisis in the west has also brought in a significant change in customer’s preference. The customers whether organizational or private individual are looking for cost effective and flexibility in services provided (The Institute of Transport

Perforating Engineer Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Perforating Engineer - Research Paper Example They are mainly employed at oil and mine fields, both offshore and on land (Pts-technology.com). Most perforations job need one to have a degree in either engineering (either petroleum, mechanical, chemical or industrial field), Geology, Physics, Geophysics or Mathematics. Experience from previous jobs that are related to perforation is also a must for a person. Other employers may require specialized training in the perforating process. The specific training includes breakout and completion as an Associate Perforating Specialist (in the USA) or an equivalent industry skill from the relevant country (Jobs.halliburton.com). The engineer must also be registered and certified by the relevant government compliance boards. Basic requirements for a perforating engineer are DOT regulations, explosives safety, basic electricity understanding, federal explosive regulation, crane operations, pressure control operations, wire line performance and maintenance and warrior logging systems operations. Other includes pump-down operations and pressure control operations (Express Energy, 2). Physical and personal attributes are also crucial for the job. Such attributes include the ability to respond to emergencies immediately during emergency situations, ability to perform under pressure and ability to adapt to different climatic and weather conditions; this is because the job involves lots of travelling and a person may have to work under different conditions from what he/ she is used to. Others include readiness to work under various conditions, ability to involve implementation of safety, environmental and health procedures at a site and flexibility. There is a potential of fumes and dangerous chemical inhalation when not proper steps are not taken in the field. There is also a risk of explosives, ionizing radiation and high pressure well-bore environment. Adminapos.com,. Terbaru: Lowongan Wireline Logging Perforating Engineer Januari 2014. N.p., 2014. Web. 23

Critically consider the position of the 'reasonable person' in both Coursework

Critically consider the position of the 'reasonable person' in both the laws of contract and negligence. Uses cases and examples from both areas of laws to illustrate your answer - Coursework Example It will critically evaluate the concept and how it intersects with these branches of law. The study will review the concepts in light of examples and other aspects of judicial precedence. â€Å"The reasonable man [person] provides a legal standard against which a defendant’s culpability can be evaluated. If he is found to have behaved as a â€Å"reasonable† person would have under similar circumstances, he might be owed compensation rather than a punitive penalty.† (Donovan, 2013, p. 100). This means the concept of a reasonable person exists to provide a basic standard of a expectation that a person of a certain level of mental awareness should be able to foresee and deal with. This means that a reasonable person is deduced through an assessment of what an individual will have ideally considered in similar situations and contexts. The usage of the doctrine of reasonable person varies across different branches of law. It is utilised in criminal law and may be varied in setting the standard of care or standard of responsiveness based on the category of law that is being discussed. In the law of contract, the standard of a reasonable person is often invoked to examine the actions of a party in relation to a contract that is seen as an arms-length transaction or not. This is meant to ascertain if the contract was fair or not and hence, it provides guidance on how the law was put together and how the legal convention was utilised in dealing with people and in dealing with various processes that culminated in the formulation of the contract. A contract is a legally enforceable agreement between two parties with an intention to create a legal relationship and it goes through the stages of offer, acceptance and mutual exchange of consideration (Hunt, 2014). A contract is voluntary and hence, each party must enter the contract willingly and without duress. Therefore, it can be stated that in cases where a person enters a

Internship Report - Agency operator Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Internship Report - Agency operator - Essay Example This paper highlights the focus on a new area of UK, where there is no activity for AVIS auto rental. Further into the paper, it discusses the product design which will be useful to cater to the needs of the consumers of Oxford Street and generate revenues for the company. It then proceeds to focus on focus on the basic 4P’s of marketing – Product, Place, Promotion and Price. An effective pricing is very important in this case. There are multiple numbers of competitors that are buzzing around in UK, and have the potential to pick the same spot as a battlefield. So fixing a highly competitive and affordable price to occupy the share of minds amongst the consumers and high brand recall is very brilliant. The paper, further down the line, also focuses on ways and means to market the route and location of the service in order to make the consumers aware of its offerings. It also brings into focus the possible staffing of employees to maintain an efficient manpower base. And finally, it also discusses the operational details and aspects that are required and considered vital for the efficient delivery of the product. Contents Executive Summary 2 Market Overview 4 About the Company 4 Designing of the Product 5 Marketing Strategy 5 Product 5 Place 6 Promotion 6 ... Car Rental is a very profitable and popular business in the UK and western markets, as people with increasingly high disposable income and the ability to purchases the rental services are growing in number every year. The car rental industry is basically categorized on the basis of either location or by the type of customer availing the service (Researchandmarkets, 2010). The recent times have been a little challenging for the business of car rental in the UK. As per reports by various UK based market research agencies, the car rental industry suffered a setback during the year 2009 and the setback continued till then. The reason being is simple. Ever since the global economy went into a credit crunch, which was triggered by the collapse of the famed Lehmann Brothers, the spending on rental services worldwide took a hit. As a part of the picture, UK’s car rental agencies also suffered to some extent during that time. Around the year 2009, people all over the globe preferred to check their spending habits and preferred to save their finances instead of spending and splurging by going on holidays, tours or romantic getaways to foreign countries. This change in global consumer behavior shrank the profit margin for the car rental companies as there has been a significant decline in the amount of revenue that was being generated by providing rental services to the middle class tourists coming from various locations across the globe. Also, the recent slowdown due to the Euro crisis in the west has also brought in a significant change in customer’s preference. The customers whether organizational or private individual are looking for cost effective and flexibility in services provided (The Institute of Transport

Critically consider the position of the 'reasonable person' in both Coursework

Critically consider the position of the 'reasonable person' in both the laws of contract and negligence. Uses cases and examples from both areas of laws to illustrate your answer - Coursework Example It will critically evaluate the concept and how it intersects with these branches of law. The study will review the concepts in light of examples and other aspects of judicial precedence. â€Å"The reasonable man [person] provides a legal standard against which a defendant’s culpability can be evaluated. If he is found to have behaved as a â€Å"reasonable† person would have under similar circumstances, he might be owed compensation rather than a punitive penalty.† (Donovan, 2013, p. 100). This means the concept of a reasonable person exists to provide a basic standard of a expectation that a person of a certain level of mental awareness should be able to foresee and deal with. This means that a reasonable person is deduced through an assessment of what an individual will have ideally considered in similar situations and contexts. The usage of the doctrine of reasonable person varies across different branches of law. It is utilised in criminal law and may be varied in setting the standard of care or standard of responsiveness based on the category of law that is being discussed. In the law of contract, the standard of a reasonable person is often invoked to examine the actions of a party in relation to a contract that is seen as an arms-length transaction or not. This is meant to ascertain if the contract was fair or not and hence, it provides guidance on how the law was put together and how the legal convention was utilised in dealing with people and in dealing with various processes that culminated in the formulation of the contract. A contract is a legally enforceable agreement between two parties with an intention to create a legal relationship and it goes through the stages of offer, acceptance and mutual exchange of consideration (Hunt, 2014). A contract is voluntary and hence, each party must enter the contract willingly and without duress. Therefore, it can be stated that in cases where a person enters a

Murder Mystery story Essay Example for Free

Murder Mystery story Essay This is also securing the readers perspective on Sherlock Holmes. All through the Speckled Band Sherlock Holmes displays his distinct ability to decipher the exact meaning of a situation. At the same time that Holmes is doing this, the reader becomes more and more confused about the situation in hand. This is where Conan Doyles first person narrative becomes crucial to the story. He uses Dr. Watson as a translator of Holmes genius. Watson helps the readers understand exactly whats going on and, in a way, puts their minds at ease. This is typical of Arthur Conan Doyle. He creates a psychological battle in the minds of the reader. He uses Holmes to create a trouble with interpretation of sequences past and to come and then simplifies it through Watson. This is what makes all Conan Doyles stories so brilliant for the reader. Conan Doyle uses Holmes to build up suspense with a possible flaw in Holmes brilliance when he declares that the committer of the crime is more cunning than himself. This is essential to the story. Holmes has been portrayed as the best detective in England up to this point and now he himself declares that he has been defeated. This creates extreme suspense for the reader. Also among Holmes abilities is his ability to disguise himself. He makes himself appear to be a person with distinct business at the Roylott estate. This fellow should think that we had come as architects or on some definite business. This adds to Holmes list of excellencies. He is now toying with the mind of the villain in order to accomplish he task he has been set. The unexpected ending. By the end of the Speckled band Doyle has created such suspense and confusion in the minds of the readers that they are waiting in dire anticipation to find out how it will end. The Speckled Band is, in fact, a poisonous snake native to India, the living place of Dr. Roylott for several years. Roylott used the snake to make its way through the ventilation and into the bedroom of Miss Stoner and poison her. No matter how intelligent the reader they would not have the ability to predict this ending. This is a classic ending because it surprises the reader and although the identity of the villain was obvious all the way through the story, it was never clear how he would have murdered his stepdaughter. This is again excellent writing by Conan Doyle. He builds up tension by repeating the events of the past death of Julia Stoner when Holmes re-enacts the sequences of that fateful night with Helen Stoner as a trap for Dr. Roylott. Arthur Conan Doyle uses vast imagery and description to keep the reader glued. It is with this imagery that he creates the tension and creates a sense of tragedy in the mind of the reader. The word black is repeated several times, and this gives a feeling of doom and imbalance. This, paired with nocturnal, silence, darkness and all the other words of sinister imagery creates more tension for the reader. It all builds up and gives the reader an incentive to carry on, to find out what will occur in the next sequence. All the way through there is a mysterious atmosphere and this only pushes the story further into the classic murder mystery genre. Everything down to he scenery and especially the buildings create a tense atmosphere. Conan Doyle wants to put a picture into the mind of the reader, such that they can almost see exactly they are reading about. Grey, lichen-blotched stone windows broken picture of ruin. All these are distinct factors of a house that can be picture in an infinite number of different ways for each individual reader. As this essay concludes the Speckled Band by sir Arthur Conan Doyle is a classic murder mystery story. All the criteria in the second paragraph have been fulfilled. There can be no argument that Sherlock Holmes is the greatest fictional detective in the whole of English literature and Arthur Conan Doyle is, without doubt, the most memorable writer of classic Murder Mystery stories up to the present day. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Conan Doyle section.

Work Of Barney J Contribute To Hrm Management Essay

Work Of Barney J Contribute To Hrm Management Essay In 1991, Jay B. Barney authored a journal entitled Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. The literatures main argument is that sustained competitive advantage can be obtained if the firm effectively and efficiently utilize its resources and capabilities that are valuable, rare, inimitable and non-substitutable (Barney 1991). This view of strategic analysis was regarded as the resource-based view (RBV) and different from what has been the customary external environment analysis which was exemplified in Porters five forces of competition (Porter 1979). Thus, focus was given to the strengths and weaknesses of a firm as much as the opportunities and threats of the external environment as the source of competitive advantage and foundation for creating strategies (Grant 2008). The RBV has been considered by many authors as contributing to the wider fields of study about resources and sustained competitive advantage (CITE) including human resources management. Hence, the focus of this literature is on the above mentioned work of Jay Barney and its contribution in the field of Human Resource Management (HRM) and the relationship of Strategic Human Resources Management (SHRM) with sustained competitive advantage. The essay will be presented accordingly in three parts. First is a discussion of the theories presented in Barneys work as regards RBV. Second are the ramifications of the RBV theory to the concept of HRM and SHRM. And last is a reflection on the limitations or critiques regrading RVB and the things to come for the study of SHRM. THE RESOURCE BASED VIEW OF THE FIRM At the onset, literatures regarding strategy and sustained competitive advantage were focused mostly on the external analyses of opportunities and threats in the environment of the industry for some time (Barney 1991). Porters five forces of competition exemplifies this focus of a firms position in relation to its external environment. Accordingly, strategies and sources of competitive advantage were made based on the analysis of the firms competition within its industry, the threats of new entrants, the threat of substitute products, the bargaining power of suppliers and buyers (Porter 1979). However, Peteraf (1993, p. 186) acknowledges that competitive advantage is not the product of varying industry attractiveness alone and that the RVB is a factor that contributed to such an understanding. Competitive advantage as described by Pralahad and Hamel (1990) is the product or result of several years of building core competencies that are superior to its rivals, and applying these compe tencies more effectively than its competitors and that the length of time to build core competencies and obtain competitive advantage is also relative to the capacity of firms to learn and apply learning more effectively. The foregoing explanation of CA thus foresees that resources intrinsic to a firm or firm resources are sources of SCA. With Barneys work, emphasis was given to a varying perspective towards strategy in which sustained competitive advantage is achievable if the firm takes advantage of resources that are valuable, rare, inimitable, and non-substitutable (Barney 1991). According to Barney (1995, p. 50), resources of a firm include all the financial, physical, human, and organizational assets used by a firm [and] human resources include all the experience, knowledge, judgement, risk taking propensity, and wisdom of individuals associated with the firm. Grant (2008, p. 131) further classifies resources into three: 1) tangible resources these are the financial and physical assets of a firm; 2) intangible resources which are the technology, reputation and culture possessed by the organisation; and 3) human resources which encompass the skills, knowledge, capacity for communication and collaboration, and the motivation that exists within the firm. All of these resources with the aforementioned characteris tics, when utilized effectively and efficiently through a firms organisation, systems and knowledge can be a source of sustained competitive advantage (Barney, Wright, Ketchen 1991). Based on the rationalisations mentioned, human resources are likewise potential sources of sustained competitive advantage. THE RESOURCE BASED VIEW AND HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT In his work, Barney consequently recognizes the importance of the RBV theory in the field of HRM, and that human resources can be valuable, rare, inimitable, and non-substitutable, and therefore become sources of sustained competitive advantage. Aside from specific human resources, policies and practices in HRM are valuable and inimitable since these resources cannot be easily replicated and requires a substantial period of time to get established (Barney 1991; Boxall 1996). Another characteristic of human resources is that of being rare or unique individually and as a group, for which Grant (2008) stresses that the key to competitive advantage is to exploit the firms unique resources, since strategies purely based on industry selection and positioning results in similar strategies among firms in an industry. These characteristics which epitomize RBV theory in Barneys work has been instrumental in providing the appropriate attention deserved by human resources in strategic planning, which leads to the notion of Strategic HRM (Wright, Dunford and Snell 2001). Further explanation provided by Pynes (2009, p. 31) is that SHRM is based on the assumption that in a dynamic environment, organizations need to be dynamic as well, this necessitates the need to acquire realistic information on the capabilities and talents of their current staff-in essence, their human resources. However, while RBV theorizes that competitive advantage can be sourced from the firms human resources, it is not solely the foundation from which profitability can be obtained in as much as a firms position in an industry cannot also be the sole source of competitive advantage. Competitive advantage and sustained competitive advantage can be attained by combining the customary external analysis, industry positioning and attractiveness with that of the analysis of the organizations internal resources (Collis Montgomery 1995). Through SHRM in particular, organizations can be better equipped to plan their human resource requirements in accord with the current needs within the organizations as well as with the present situation in the external environment (Pynes 2009). In essence, Barneys work has become a foundation from which HRM and SHRM gained prominence in the study of strategy and sustained competitive advantage. (Wright, Dunford, and Snell 2001) THE RVB, ITS LIMITATIONS AND CRITIQUES Priem and Butler (2001), provides a well acknowledge critique of the RBV literature offered by Barney about the RBV a theory. The critique is summarised in four areas wherein Barney offered counter arguments for each. Barney categorises Priem and Butlers (2001) assessments as: 1) the RBV theory is tautological; 2) failure to recognize that the composition of resources however diverse can generate similar value for a firm, and as such, cannot be a source of competitive advantage; 3) the 1991 article failed to give emphasis to the role of product markets; and 4) the theories derived has limited prescriptive implications. (Barney 2001, p. 41) These critiques, limitations, and assessments relating to various RBV literature, and in Barneys work in particular, has led to the increasing popularity of concepts such as knowledge management, learning organisations, flexible workforce and teamwork (Hartel, Fujimoto, Strybosch, Fitzpatrick, 2007, p. 14) Thus, giving groundwork from which further and more intricate study has evolved. CONCLUSION To sum up, the foregoing discussions presented Barneys 1991 work emphasising on resources that are rare, valuable, inimitable, and non-substitutable as foundations of sustained competitive advantage. More importantly, it has provided a backdrop from which due importance was given to the human resources of a firm in strategy formulation and contributed immensely to the notion of strategic HRM. Wright, Dunford, and Snell (2001) considers Barneys propositions on the sources of sustained competitive advantage as an influential in making or shaping the RBV premise significant in the context of strategy and in SHRM as well. For the future of RBV and SHRM, the articles critiques and limitations have instigated further study of the RBV theory and likewise opened new horizons for research in the field of HR and SHRM. Thus it is adequate and appropriate to say that the RBV theory which was emphasized in Barneys work contributed in the shift from strategy based on external factors and brought t o view the internal competencies and human resources of a firm in formulating strategies (Hartel, Fujimoto, Strybosch, Fitzpatrick, 2007, p. 14). There is a great depth of field for study and research in HRM and SHRM for which the RBV theory is relevant and a vital resource, future researches is definitely and will be very important to further appreciate and understand the relevance and essence of human resources in an organization. Annex A: Summary and Assessment of critiques to the Resource-Based View (RVB) (Kraaijenbrink, Spender, and Aard 2010, p. 360) Critique Assessment 1) The RBV has no managerial implications. Not all theories should have managerial implications. Through its wide dissemination, the RVB has evident impact. 2) The RBV implies infinite regress. Applies only to abstract mathematical theories. In an applied theory such as the RBV, levels are qualitatively different. 3) The RVBs applicability is too limited. Generalizing about uniqueness is not impossible by definition. The RBV applies to small firms and start-ups as well, as long as they strive for an SCA. Path dependency is not problematic when not taken to the extreme. The RBV applies only to firms in predictable environments. 4) SCA is not achievable By including dynamic capabilities, the RBV is not purely static, though it only explains ex post, not ex ante, sources of SCA. Although no CA can last forever, a focus on SCA remains useful. 5) The RBV is not a theory of the firm. The RBV does not sufficiently explain why firms exist. Rather than requiring it to do so, it should further develop as a theory of SCA and leave additional explanations of firm existence to TCE. 6) VRIN/O is neither necessary nor sufficient for SCA. The VRIN/O criteria are not always necessary and not always sufficient to explain a firms SCA. The RBV does not sufficiently consider the synergy within resource bundles as a source of SCA. The RBV does not sufficiently recognize the role that judgment and mental models of individuals play in value assessment and creation. 7) The value of a resource is too indeterminate to provide for useful theory. The current conceptualization of value turns the RBV into a trivial heuristic, an incomplete theory, or a tautology. A more subjective and creative notion of value is needed. 8) The definition of resource is unworkable. Definitions of resources are all inclusive. The RBV does not recognize differences between resources as inputs and resources that enable the organization of such inputs. There is no recognition of how different types of resources may contribute to SCA in a different manner. Lastly, Kraaijenbrink, Spender, and Aard (2010) have summed up the critiques as regards the RVB and offered evaluation and counterarguments to each (see Annex A). Among the eight critiques cited, three of which were acknowledged as not easily dismissible as the other five. The three assessments were concerned about the nature of resource and value as being indeterminate and the narrow explanation of a firms SCA. Another weakness in the RBV theory was the prominence of the attention given to individual resources compared to the importance of the conglomeration of individual resources and, which according to Kraaijenbrink, Spender, and Aard, does not reflect the real meaning of competitive advantage. (2010, p. 359)